Functional Training Rig

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Balls for thought

The Exercise Ball


Where did the exercise ball come from?

The Swiss Ball was originally practiced in an orthopedic medicine and physical therapy clinic founded by Swiss doctor Susan Klein-Vogelbach and used as a form of rehabilitation. From there, the concept of ball exercises was taken from Europe to America by Joanne-Posner-Mayer in the late ‘80s and she was the first to promote the exercise ball in the fitness industry. As of today, many fitness professionals are promoting the use of the exercise ball as well as athletes from a variety of sports at every level, who are incorporating ball exercises into their training regimen.
Exercise balls now come in a variety of sizes and are often used alongside other fitness equipment such as dumbbells to enhance work outs.


So what are the benefits of using an exercise ball?

The biggest benefit of using an exercise ball is its ability to strengthen core muscles. When exercising using the ball, you’re abdominal and back muscles are working constantly to keep you balanced. Even if you are targeting a different area of the body you’re core muscles are still engaged so they are still getting a work out. Also by toning your core muscles, this can greatly improve your posture as your core muscles keep working after exercise and this helps you to sit up or stand straight. As well as improve your posture, using an exercise ball can increase your flexibility. The ball enables you to stretch your body further than it is normally used to whilst providing you with support, making it a safer way to stretch and this is why physiotherapists swear by these exercise balls.


What should you do when using the exercise ball?

As with any other type of exercise, carrying out a warm up is essential. This will raise the heart rate and warm the muscles up which will prevent injuries occurring. A warm up will also get you mentally prepared for the physical activity ahead. Also, it is important especially when using the exercise ball that you maintain posture- keeping your back straight and preventing your knees from locking during exercise. Finally, you should focus on breathing- inhaling when going into the exercise and exhaling at the point of exertion.


What exercises that can be done using the exercise ball?

There are an endless number of exercises which can be done using the ball. Here are just a few. These can be repeated 3 sets of 5 reps if you are a beginner, 3 sets of 10 reps if you’re at an intermediate stage and 3 sets of 20 reps if you are advanced.

Back Extensions
- Start by lying face down over the ball with the top of the ball under your waistline, hands resting lightly on the floor in front of you.
- Feet are shoulder width apart resting on the floor
- Pull your shoulder blades together and slowly raise your chest up off the ball.
- Raise your arms up off the ball keeping your elbows straight and your arms in front of you.
- Lower arms and chest slowly.

Press Ups
- Start by kneeling with the ball in front of you, placing your hands about shoulder width apart on the ball.
- Get up onto your toes and pull your shoulder blades down and back.
- Keep yourself straight from your head to your heels.
- Engage your abdominals to maintain balance.
- Lower your chest to the ball slowly and rise back up keeping body straight.

Tricep Dips
- Stand in front of the ball and lean back, bending your knees.
- Place your hands on the ball behind you and lean into the exercise ball.
- Keep your elbows bent and lower yourself down toward the floor in front of the ball.
- Slowly return to the starting position.

Plank
- Kneel on the floor in front of the ball and slide forward so that you are lying over the ball with the ball situated under your feet and your arms straight.
- Your hands should be directly under your shoulders
- You should be looking down at the floor, chin tucked in
- Contract your abdominals so that your back remains straight.
- Hold this position without sagging, shaking or allowing your chin to sink to the floor.

Knee Tuck
- Start in the plank position above.
- Roll the ball forward to bring your knees under your hips.
Keep elbows straight.
- Slowly roll the exercise ball back to the plank position.

Lunge
- Stand with your back to the exercise ball.
- Raise one foot back and place it on the ball.
- Put your hands on your hips and lower yourself until your thigh is horizontal.
- Raise yourself back up to the starting position.



Kerry Timmins
(Work experience)
West Lothian College

When not to train

As winter is upon us there are more and more illnesses kicking about. There are lots of different opinions about training with illness. Some say to stop training altogether others say, slow training down or continue as normal. Here is my take on what you should do when you have common illnesses and tips for every gym goer out there.


Firstly if you have a fever-
Symptoms include-
• Sweating
• Shivering
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Loss of appetite
• Dehydration
• General weakness
Should you train? No. When the body’s immune system is fighting infection it doesn’t need to deal with the added stress of exercise.


The common cold
Symptoms include-
• A blocked nose
• Nasal pain and irritation
• Sneezing
• A runny nose
• Coughing
• A coarse voice
• A general sense of feeling unwell


Should you train? Moderate intensity workouts are ok when you have cold systems. However if you go the gym when you have a cold use hand sanitizer and wipe all surfaces you touch as you don’t want your buddies catching it.


The Flu
Symptoms include-
• Sudden fever
• Dry, chesty cough
• Headache
• Tiredness
• Chills
• Aching muscles
• Limb or joint pain
• Diarrhea or upset stomach
• Sore throat
• Runny or blocked nose
• Sneezing
• Loss of appetite
• Difficulty sleeping


Should you train? No. Head to the couch not the gym. Don’t work out until you have recovered, with flu comes a fever so read above and skip training until recovered.
Here are a few other contraindications that may have an effect on your training.

Didn’t sleep last night?
The best thing you can do is get out of bed and get moving. A morning workout is just what you may need after a restless night to boost your energy levels and get you prepared for the day ahead.

D.O.M.S?
Delayed onset of muscle soreness, after a hard session you might be in pain what I would suggest is go to the gym, make it a light intensity workout such as walk rather than run or do a cardio day rather than a heavy weight session. It is also ok to skip a workout if the pain is too much.

Hope this helps with all those runny noses this time of year. No more excuses for skipping work outs, 
(Always check with a your GP about contraindications before exercising)
Ryan Stewart Personal Trainer

Fit Inc @ Go Guide

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recipe for abs!

Everyone would love a 6 pack of rock solid abs but the fact is, performing abdominal exercises such as sit ups only strengthens and firms up the rectus abdominis muscle, more commonly known as the 'six-pack'. Doing these exercises is good as they will give you strong abdominal muscles but will do nothing to reduce the amount of fat on your stomach.

Abdominal fat is present because of too much food intake and the only way to get rid of belly fat and get those eye popping abs is to burn of the fat with a balanced diet and exercise.

Here is an example of a day food plan you should be eating to lower fat:

Breakfast

One tall glass of a homemade smoothie.

Homemade smoothie
1 cup 1% milk
2 tablespoons low-fat vanilla yogurt
¾ cup instant oatmeal, nuked in water
2 teaspoons peanut butter
2 teaspoons chocolate whey powder

Snack #1
2 teaspoons peanut butter, raw vegetables (as much as you want)

Lunch
Turkey or roast beef sandwich on whole-grain bread, 1 cup 1% or fat-free milk, 1 apple

Snack #2
1 ounce almonds, 1½ cups berries

Dinner
Mas Macho Meatballs
1 pound extra-lean ground beef
½ cup crushed saltine crackers
1 large onion, diced
1 clove garlic, minced
1 tablespoon ground flaxseed or whey powder
1 jar (16 ounces) tomato sauce
4 whole-wheat hoagie rolls
½ cup reduced-fat mozzarella cheese, shredded

Snack #3
Smoothie


Ryan Stewart
Personal Trainer

The Rotator Cuff

The rotator cuff is a very important group of muscles found in the back of the shoulder coming from the shoulder blade to the shoulder joint. They are important for posture, stability and movement of the shoulder and comprise of the teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus and subscapularis.



A lot of injuries occur due to ignorance of these four muscles and any athletes or gym goers should become familiar with them not just to prevent shoulder injuries but to increase performance too. If you are looking to do any sort of isolation exercises then it should be rotator cuff exercises.


Good shoulder health will help performance in other exercises and sports from bench press to tennis. Working the rotator cuff will strengthen the shoulder girdle making it more stable and will aid anyone looking to lift more on the bench, shoulder press and other upper body exercises. It will also improve posture especially with those who have over worked the ‘mirror muscles’ thus improving rounding of the shoulders making the shoulders look wider and giving a bigger V shape as it helps to bring the shoulders back to their natural position.


Also along with improvements in shoulder stability exercising the rotator cuff will improve flexibility in the shoulder helping golfers, tennis players, javelin and most other team sports and individual sports where shoulder movements are demanding. Maintaining a flexible shoulder joint allows for greater range of movement over the joint therefore it can improve force whilst preventing injury.


Exercises for the rotator cuff are varied try these to take your body to the next level:

Swiss ball press up – place your hands on the Swiss ball shoulder width apart and take up the press up position, lower chest to ball keeping shoulders, hips and ankles in line then raise again.

Lateral Raise – holding dumbbells, if required, stand with arms by the sides thumbs facing body and palms facing backwards. Raise arms to shoulder level keeping pinkie finger facing the sky and thumb facing the ground then lower back to sides.

Lying Rotator Roll – lying on one side hold a dumbbell in hand of side facing ceiling, bend arm at elbow to ninety degrees and have wrist across front. Rotate arm at shoulder bringing hand up towards ceiling and keeping elbow in at side then lower.


Daniel
Personal Trainer

Go Guide West Lothian and Fit Inc

Open publication - Free publishing

Born Free!!

What is your first thought when it comes to fitness? For most it’s the thought of a packed out gym, full of body builders to the glamour girls in there Lycra. The majority of us are very self-conscious so the gym is a very intimidating place to go.  What if I told you, that you could seek all your fitness goals for free and not have to step one foot into a gym.  Sound good? The great outdoors so misunderstood though the fun you could have and the benefits you could receive from exercising outdoors are endless.

It’s Free!!

No membership payments or the struggle to get on a machine. The outdoors is everyone’s to share and enjoy. You don’t need specialised equipment to get fit; you just have to know where to start. The outdoors is always open with no time limits, no restrictions on what you can and can’t do.

Fresh Air

Nothing beats the outdoors for clean air, yes nowadays we are doing what it seems are utmost to pollute our world the outdoors is still twice as clean as air you’d find in a gym.

More Freebies

Yes I give you more freebies much better than your free water bottle and towel you usually get. As you may know the body needs vitamins and nutrients to function properly. Through the sunlight your body receives doses of vitamin D enough without worrying about taking any supplements. Another little bonus you might even pick yourself up a little tan, ok rare but you never know.

Open your Mind

While outdoors your mind becomes more active as it has to take in its surroundings, from hills you climb to a winding path or to the terrain you’re on.

Open your mind; open your heart to the outdoors.

Dave Low

Personal Trainer

Plyometrics

Plyometric: Bounce Ability

To start with what is plyometric; the main idea behind it is to force the body to exert the greatest amount of force possible, in the shortest time possible from any chosen muscle group. To therefore repeat this action continuously.

Plyometric exercises are more dominantly used with top sports man and woman needing that explosive power, though more and more people are using them in general day to day programmes.  Depending on a person’s fitness goals will determine whether or not plyometric will be of full benefit.

Plyometric Benefits

+ Endurance

For most increasing fitness is one of the key areas they like to improve, with plyometric training it allows a greater endurance allowing an athlete or novice to perform at a higher level for longer.

+ Muscle Strength

Another big feature for most is bulking up or becoming stronger, with plyometric exercises lean muscle is developed far greater providing an athlete with stronger and more efficient muscles.

+ Calorie Burn

The big one for most calories burning, due to the intensity of the exercise it enhances your metabolic rate allowing for higher calorie burn.

+ Injury risk reduced

Due to the extent of the training, plyometric training allows greater motion within the joints improving flexibility and providing muscle strength which reduces the risk of injury.

Plyometric training is endless with the different variations to each exercise and provides endless benefits for the participant. To get started try the most common the box jump, enjoy and bounce your way to success.

Box Jump

One of the most recognisable plyometric exercises is the box jump, as it involves the participant to exert the maximum force possible from the legs to jump on top of a box, landing with two feet. Though other kit could be used such a gym bench or even steps depending on how hard you want the jump. Go on give it go.

David Low

Personal Trainer

Pull Up's the action man exercise

The ultimate upper body workout, you will have seen it the action movies the hero gets ready for the fight and pushes out a quick set of pull ups.

Pull ups build and strengthen your back, shoulders and arms and help you achieve the perfect V shape.

The pull up and all of its variations are not easy to perform and do require a certain amount of strength and technique. If performed correctly and integrated into a training programme significant gains can be seen quickly.

By pulling your body weight upwards from an action of pulling the hands downwards from above your head does involve a big range of motion and places a lot of pressure on your muscles; however the gains out way the cons.

Many people and trainers abdicate the lat pull down machine and seated overhead press in order to progress your pull ups, This won’t aid you in anyway only by executing pull ups and the variations will you progress.

In order to get started and if you are a gym member try using the weight assisted pull up machines which can be found in all gyms, be wary though as you may be lulled into a false sense of security.

If your outside or not a gym member find a bar or tree that can easily be grasped by yourself and execute jump pull ups as follows

Stand below the bar

Use a box step if you have to

Use overhand or underhand grasp andgrip the bar and jump up slowly lower yourself to the ground

as soon as your feet touch the ground jump again repeat

One great piece of advice comes from Pavel Tsatsouline a former Russian spetnatz trainer which he terms as "greasing the pole" which in layman's terms means do a pull up every chance you get.

Pull/Chin up Variations

Here is a list of some types of variations in order to progress your pull/chin ups

Jump up's

Assisted pull up's

Weighted Pull ups (attach a weight belt or dumbbell)

Kipping Pull Up's – use the legs in a swinging motion to create hip thrust, this is a favourite with cross fit athletes

Side 2 Side- pull up taking left shoulder to left hand lower repeat to opposite side

Round the world- chin to one hand slide across to the other hand and return to start position

One arm pull up – Grab the bar with one hand place the other hand on the wrist for support

Clap pull up – standard chin up as you reach the top of the pull execute a clap return the hands to the bar and lower

Doris pull ups- execute a burpee below the bar, explode up from the down position and execute a pull up drop and repeat.

Other variations include the use of towels, ropes chains and partners.

I want your opinion, leave a comment on the ultimate pull up you use.</p>

Brian Fernie
MMA CSCC
Master Personal Trainer

The Art of a Deadlift

If you are looking to add strength to your physique then look no further than the deadlift. As one of the best compound exercises that you may want to introduce to your workout a deadlift provides a full body workout and is a great exercise to increase muscle strength and mass. A compound exercise involves two or more joint movements.

Muscles used in a deadlift

·         Quadriceps (thigh)

Biceps Femoris

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Rectus Femoris

·         Gluteus Maximus

·         Hamstrings

·         Gastrocnemius (calf)

·         Erector Spinae (lower back)

·         Forearms

·         Trapezius

To summarise a deadlift performed correctly will work the muscles in the upper and lower legs, upper and lower back, glutes, forearms and the core.

Teaching points

The equipment needed for a deadlift is weights and a barbell.

·         Stand a couple of inches behind the bar with feet shoulder width apart, pointing forward.

·         Squat down grasp the bar with a grip you find comfortable (see variations for grips) hands should be slightly wider than shoulder width, keep the back straight and keep the head up looking forward. The shoulders hips and knees should all be in alignment.

·         Keeping the arms straight lift the bar using the quadriceps keeping the weight through the heels, don’t allow your knees to overlap your toes on the lift and keep the bar as close to the body as possible.

·         When at the top of the lift thrust the hips slightly forward.

·         Return the bar to the ground keeping the back straight.

·         The movement for the lift and lower phase should be controlled and in a flowing motion. You should breathe in on the lift phase and out on the lower phase.

Advantages

·         Good for building strength mainly in the postural chain which is the glutes, lower back and hamstrings.

·         Needs little equipment

·         Works major muscle groups simultaneously

·         Helps with core stability

·         Safe lift as the weight is not over your head

·         Develops grip strength

·         Provides a cardio vascular workout

Disadvantages

May cause injury in lower back, quadriceps or hamstrings if done with improper technique.

To avoid injury make sure back is straight at all times, this can be made easier by keeping the chest forward and raising the head.

Variations

·         Perform using two dumbbells

·         Perform a stiff leg deadlift

·         Take wider or narrower stance

·         Perform using different grip.

Overhand grip: palms facing the body

Underhand/overhand grip: one hand over palm facing the body, the other hand under hand palm facing away from the body.

·         To progress the deadlift lift heavier.

Ryan Stewart
Personal Trainer

Fighting Fit

More and more people now a days are incorporating boxing in to their  training schedule, whether it be in a fitness class or playing around with your gyms punching bag putting yourself through the paces. The benefits to boxing are endless and for to start with you don’t need to be the next Muhammad Ali to enjoy the boxing experience.

A boxing workout can be suited for all fitness levels to the very beginner to the sessional pro the benefits are still the same.  The combinations and technique can be changed depending on the client with the intensity either increased or decreased.

Boxing is usually seen as a male dominated activity, as due to the physical nature of boxing, though the aspects and benefits of boxing are just as beneficial to ladies as it is men.

For prime example calorie and fat burning are increased due to the intensity of such an activity. As with boxing the workout entails you to use the larger muscle groups and they are constantly been put through their paces increasing the work load.  More importantly for women boxing doesn’t add muscle bulk but more toning giving definition to the muscle.

With fitness just being one of the many benefits, boxing training also allows you build a functional physique while provide self-confidence. 

The actual boxing workout itself may involve pad work, bag work even a little shadow boxing to the more intense sparring depending on your level of experience. There even might be a few cardiovascular and strength drills so the body is fully conditioned.

As with any new activity you give a try to it is also vital your aware of the safety issues and ensures correct technique is maintained.  Go on give it a try; instead of being fit you could be fighting fit.

David Low

Personal Trainer

Thump Boxing Instructor

Pull for Success

Hi I am Daniel O’Donnell, Personal Trainer at T.O.D Coaching, and I am going to tell you how to become stronger with one move.

Do you want a more powerful upper body, a better posture or just to look good and feel more athletic? Well then drop the weights and get pulling! The effective and universal pull up has been around for decades and is a real test of upper body strength and body balance but is often avoided due to it being too hard or because the knowledge of its effectiveness is not known. People often focus on the ‘mirror muscles’ or ‘beach muscles’ when it comes to getting fit and neglect the bigger and more important muscles of the back. These muscles stabilise the spine and shoulder girdle giving you a stronger base to perform other tasks for example a bench press, picking your child up or performing better in your chosen sport or hobby.

The pull up is a bodyweight exercise executed by an overhand grip and pulling the chest up towards the bar, the shoulder blades should be pinched together while keeping the lower body rigid then lower until the arms are fully extended . Breathe in while pulling then out on the lowering phase controlling the movement to prevent locking of the elbows.

The pull up will strengthen the often injured rotator cuff which is essential for stabilising the shoulder and if trained and maintained can help any novice gym goer or athlete push more weight or become more efficient at other exercises or day to day tasks. The pull up is a compound exercise and due to the number of muscles used with this exercise it is a great one for burning fat as it uses the arms, shoulders, chest, upper back and the core which all include the biggest muscle groups within the upper body. Also an added benefit of the pull up is the work out it provides for the shoulder girdle and core which are essential in fixating and stabilising the areas around the spine therefore improving posture.

To improve, increase or just do your first pull up follow these exercises twice a week and you will have success like never before:

Day 1     Chin Up                                3-5 sets                                6-12 reps

                Low Pulley          3-5 sets                                8-12 reps

Day2      Inverted Row    3-5 sets                                6-12 reps

                Dumbbell Row  3-5 sets                                8-12 reps

Perform these exercises with your current workout plan and when you can complete more than 8 chin ups and inverted rows try the next group:

Day1      Pull Up                  3-5 sets                                6-12 reps

                Prone Fly             3-5 sets                                8-12 reps

Day2      Alternate Grip- 3-5 sets                                6-12 reps

                Pull Up

                Single Arm-         3-5 sets                                8-12 reps

                Pulley

Daniel O Donell (much loved by old ladies)
Personal Trainer

members comments

Below are some of the comments from our members since opening in June this year. All comments can be viewed by visiting us @ Fit Inc, studio, gym and dojo West Lothian's Premier Training Centre.

Great help from Wullie and Dave, Good guys very helpful
Robert, Polbeth

Fab street gym with big wullie, learned some new stuff, Thanks
Audrey, newbrudge

Brilliant kickboxing tonight, Thank You Brian
Morag Pumpherstoun

Ann you are legend!
Dizzi Kirkliston

Thanks Brian Feel like I'm dying, another good street gym
Kim Bathgate

Brilliant class Ritchie, beasting us as per
Tracey, Livingston

Quality Circuits
Leo, Livingston

T.O.D Combat the only way to reach peak fitness, awesome training
Craig, Kuk sool won Dunfermline

Military Training? doesnt feel it but it's worth it
Gordon, Currie Edinburgh

Fab workout, Matthew your the biz
Ann Broxburn

Military Training = Pain but very good
Mark, Bathgate

First time back at spin for two weeks, FAB cheers Dave
Carol Livingston

Run club 5.8 miles good fun cheers Lucy
Angela, Livingston

Great core complex class, thanks Ryan
Jenny, Dedridge

Great spin class dave
Lorraine, Livingston

loved the Ton up class, could be longer than 30 minutes thanks David
Tina, Howden

Julianna thanks for the class and and tips
Carol, Murieston

fabby induction by the boss
Karen, Livingston

showers amazing, poles at street gym are a nightmare
Linda howden

loving body pump and getting used to run club
Carol, Livingston

core complex and hells bells great class
Martin, Pumpherstoun

ladies kickboxing, love it
Sharon, Kirknewton

Kettlebell (Metabolic Conditioning)

Many people use Kettlebells in their workouts, many stick to the basic swings and clean and jerks completing reps for strength rather than endurance. As a kettlebell user, endurance is important as is all your training, 

You need to be aware and able to control the effects of (HLA) ,Hydrogen lactic acid, a common mistake is that lactic acid causes cramp and stiffness, we now know that Lactic acid is an energy system and is quickly dispersed through the body on being produced. The body also has an in built bicarbonate system which soaks up some of the hydrogen and other byproducts.

The Hydrogen on the other hand is a different matter and is the cause of

• Burning feeling in the muscles
• Laboured breathing
• Muscle contraction
• Muscle inhibition

In order to combat these effects and to have effective endurance , we need to train the body to cope with the demands of the sport.

In order to do this we need to “Address all the components of contact movements in our strength training so that the whole spectrum of flexibility, speed and loads that the muscles will see during training or competition”

The SAID Principle (Specific adaptations to imposed demands) comes hand in hand with the above statement, and allows us to use everything from bodyweight to kettlebells.

Try the following circuit with kettlebells , complete as many reps of each exercise in thirty seconds with fifteen seconds rest in between reps, each set of exercises is grouped in sets of eight, this will allow you to train for five minutes with one minute rest after each set.

Set 1

1. Turkish Get-up alternate sides
2. Side press
3. Arrowhead swings
4.  Clean and press
5. Alternate arm swings
6. Pistol
7. Push Press
8. Double Squats

Set 2

1. Squat holding one KB by the horns in the “steering wheel” position
2. Row
3. Swing
4. 1 leg Deadlift
5. Weighted crunches
6. Squat holding one KB by the horns in the “steering wheel”
7. Diagonal Snatch
8.  Saxon side bends

Set 3

1. Round the worlds
2. Double Swing
3. Clean
4. Renegade Pushup’s
5. Squat Snatch
6. Windmill
7. Bottom up military press
8. Hindu squat

Set 4

1. High Pull
2. Burpees (KB’s in each hand)
3. See saws
4. Reaching Lunges
5. Weighted crunches
6. Shooting stars
7. Turkish get up
8. Sumo squats

Ensure that your kettlebell is of an appropriate weight so that correct form can be maintained for as long as possible.

Perform these sets twice a week incorporating them as part of your strength endurance.